One of parliament's measures to support the real estate market was the abolition of the "golden visa" program, which Spanish politicians believed was driving up housing prices and making it unaffordable for ordinary Spaniards. However, in practice, the program accounted for only a negligible share of the market, with just 14,576 visas issued between 2013 and 2023—the majority of which were concentrated in only six provinces.

The catalyst for the protests was the eviction of an 87-year-old Spanish woman from the apartment where she had lived for decades. According to official data, the protests brought together around 70,000 people, while organizers estimated the turnout at up to 500,000. Shortly before this, parliament rejected two decrees aimed at supporting vulnerable tenants and strengthening protections for all renters.

As a result, on October 5, Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez dissolved parliament and called snap elections for November 29. The Prime Minister will remain in office until the completion of the elections.